It’s called the carbon silicate cycle

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbonate–silicate_cycle

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-022-31128-3

https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/msa/elements/article/15/5/301/574082/Earth-Catastrophes-and-their-Impact-on-the-Carbon

https://www.usgs.gov/faqs/do-any-mass-extinctions-correlate-magnetic-reversals#%3A~%3Atext=No.%2Cprotect+us+from+solar+radiation.

Edit: that giant explosuon https://new.nsf.gov/news/volcanic-coal-burning-siberia-led-climate-change#%3A~%3Atext=A+team+of+researchers+led%2CEarth's+most+severe+extinction+event.